19 Common Problems With Staghorn Ferns

Staghorn ferns are a unique and fascinating addition to any plant lover's collection. With their distinctive antler-like leaves and ability to grow on vertical surfaces, they add a touch of the exotic to your home. However, like any plant, they come with their own set of challenges that might leave you scratching your head.

Today, we’ll be addressing 19 common problems you might encounter while caring for your staghorn ferns. From watering woes to pesky pests, we’ll cover it all to ensure your ferns remain healthy and vibrant. Let's jump right in!

1. Overwatering Woes

One of the most common issues with staghorn ferns is overwatering. These plants naturally grow in tropical environments where they receive a lot of humidity but not necessarily a lot of direct water. Overwatering can lead to root rot, a problem that can be fatal if not addressed promptly.

So, how can you tell if you’re giving your staghorn too much love? Here are some signs to watch for:

• Yellowing leaves
• Soft, mushy roots
• A noticeable musty odor

To fix this, allow the plant to dry out completely before watering again. Remember, it’s better to underwater than overwater when it comes to staghorns. If you’re unsure, stick your finger into the soil or mounting medium; it should feel dry before you water again. Consider misting the plant instead of drenching it, mimicking its natural environment more closely.

2. Underwatering Issues

On the flip side, underwatering can also be problematic. Staghorn ferns need a certain level of moisture to thrive, and neglecting this can lead to crispy, brown leaves. The plant may also appear dull and lifeless without enough water.

If you suspect your fern is thirsty, you can soak the entire plant in a basin of water for about 15-20 minutes. This technique allows the plant to absorb enough moisture without sitting in water, which could cause rot. After soaking, hang it back up and let it drip dry. Repeat this process every couple of weeks or when the plant looks parched.

3. Inadequate Humidity

Staghorn ferns are tropical plants, which means they love humidity. If your home is particularly dry, especially during winter months, your fern might struggle. You might notice the leaves curling or drying out at the edges.

Creating a humid environment can be as simple as:

• Placing a humidifier nearby
• Misting the plant daily
• Grouping it with other plants to create a microclimate
• Using a pebble tray with water beneath the plant

Any of these methods can help boost humidity levels, keeping your staghorn happy and healthy.

4. Incorrect Light Levels

Light is another crucial factor. Staghorn ferns prefer bright, indirect light. Too much direct sunlight can scorch their leaves, while too little can stunt their growth.

If your plant is getting too much sun, you might notice bleached or burned leaves. In contrast, insufficient light might cause slow growth or smaller leaves. Finding the right balance can sometimes be tricky, but try placing your plant near a north or east-facing window where it can enjoy filtered light throughout the day. If you're in a space with limited natural light, consider using grow lights to supplement.

5. Nutrient Deficiencies

Like all living things, staghorn ferns need nutrients to thrive. A lack of nutrients can result in discoloration, stunted growth, and overall poor health. This problem is especially common in older plants that have been in the same soil or mounting medium for years.

To address this, you can:

• Use a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer once a month during the growing season
• Top-dress the plant with organic matter like compost or worm castings
• Repot or re-mount the plant every few years with fresh medium

Feeding your fern the right nutrients will keep it lush and full of life.

6. Pests and Bugs

No one likes an uninvited guest, and that includes your staghorn fern. Common pests like mealybugs, scale, and spider mites can wreak havoc if not treated promptly. They can cause leaf damage, stunted growth, and overall plant stress.

To keep pests at bay, inspect your plant regularly. If you notice any critters, here’s what you can do:

• Gently wash the leaves with soapy water
• Use neem oil or insecticidal soap as a natural pesticide
• Introduce beneficial insects like ladybugs, which can help control pest populations

These methods will help keep your fern pest-free and thriving.

7. Improper Mounting

Staghorn ferns are epiphytes, meaning they naturally grow on other surfaces rather than in soil. Improper mounting can cause stress and health issues for your plant. If the mounting medium is too dense or retains too much moisture, it can lead to rot.

When mounting your staghorn, consider these tips:

• Use a breathable medium like sphagnum moss or coconut fiber
• Ensure good air circulation around the plant
• Avoid using materials that hold too much water

These measures will provide a suitable environment for your fern to grow and flourish.

8. Temperature Extremes

Staghorn ferns are sensitive to temperature changes. They thrive in temperatures between 60-80°F (15-27°C). Extreme cold can damage the plant, while excessive heat can dry it out.

If your home experiences temperature fluctuations, try these strategies:

• Keep the plant away from drafty windows or doors
• Avoid placing it near heating vents or fireplaces
• Use a fan to circulate air during hot weather

Consistent temperatures will help your fern maintain its health and vigor.

9. Improper Pruning

Pruning is an essential part of plant care, but it can be tricky with staghorn ferns. Improper pruning can harm the plant and hinder its growth. The key is to prune carefully and selectively.

When pruning your fern, consider these points:

• Remove only dead or damaged leaves
• Avoid cutting into healthy green tissue
• Use clean, sharp scissors or pruning shears

Proper pruning will help your staghorn fern grow strong and healthy.

10. Root Bound Issues

Although staghorn ferns don’t grow in soil, their roots can still become bound if the mounting medium is too compacted. This can restrict growth and limit access to nutrients and water.

If you suspect your fern is root-bound, it might be time to re-mount it. Carefully remove the plant from its current mount, trim any dead or damaged roots, and reattach it to a new, more spacious base. This will give your fern room to grow and thrive.

11. Leaf Spot Diseases

Leaf spot diseases can be a sign of fungal infection, often caused by excessive moisture and poor air circulation. These spots can range from brown to black and may spread if not addressed.

To prevent and treat leaf spot diseases:

• Ensure proper air circulation around the plant
• Avoid overhead watering that keeps leaves wet
• Use a fungicide if necessary

Keeping your plant dry and well-ventilated will help prevent these diseases.

12. Brown Shield Fronds

Staghorn ferns have two types of leaves: shield fronds and fertile fronds. The shield fronds protect the roots and help the plant attach to its mounting surface. It's normal for these fronds to brown and die off as they age.

If all your shield fronds are turning brown at once, it might indicate a problem, such as:

• Overwatering
• Poor air circulation
• Lack of nutrients

Addressing these issues will help preserve the vitality of your fern’s shield fronds.

13. Fertile Fronds Not Developing

Fertile fronds are responsible for reproduction and typically grow long and spore-covered. If your fern isn't producing these fronds, it might be due to inadequate light or nutrients.

To encourage fertile frond development:

• Ensure the plant is receiving enough light
• Provide regular feeding during the growing season
• Check for and address any pest issues

These steps should help your fern produce healthy, fertile fronds.

14. Slow Growth or Stunted Growth

If your staghorn fern isn't growing as you'd expect, it could be due to several factors, including light, water, and nutrient issues. To encourage growth, ensure your plant has the right balance of these elements. You might also consider a repot or re-mount if the plant seems cramped or the medium has degraded.

15. Environmental Stress

Environmental changes, such as moving your fern to a new location, can cause stress and affect its health. If you've recently relocated your plant and noticed changes, give it some time to adjust. Maintain consistent care, and your fern should bounce back.

16. Incorrect Fertilizer Use

Using the wrong type or amount of fertilizer can harm your staghorn fern. Stick to a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer, and avoid over-fertilizing, which can burn the roots and leaves. Less is often more with staghorn ferns.

17. Black Spots on Leaves

Black spots can be a sign of fungal infection or pest damage. Inspect your plant carefully, and treat any pests or diseases as needed. Adjusting your watering and humidity practices can also help prevent future issues.

18. Wilting or Drooping Leaves

Wilting or drooping leaves can indicate stress from improper watering, light, or humidity. Evaluate your care routine and adjust as needed to help your fern recover.

19. Lack of New Growth

If your staghorn fern isn’t producing new growth, it might need more light, nutrients, or space. Consider re-mounting, adjusting your care routine, and ensuring the plant has adequate conditions to thrive.

Final Thoughts

Staghorn ferns are a beautiful and unique addition to any home, but they do come with their own set of challenges. By understanding and addressing these common problems, you can help your fern thrive and enjoy its unique beauty for years to come.

At Cafe Planta, we’re passionate about helping you care for your plants. We offer a variety of houseplants, care accessories, and even plant-themed apparel. If you have any questions or need advice, feel free to email us or send us a DM on Instagram. Whether you’re a seasoned plant parent or just starting your journey, we’re here to support you every step of the way!